January 19, 2020
Genre:
History, Medieval History
Length:
256 pages
Series:
No
Book description courtesy of Goodreads
The Anarchy was the first civil war in post Conquest England, enduring throughout the reign of King Stephen between 1135 and 1154. It ultimately brought about the end of the Norman dynasty and the birth of the mighty Plantagenet kings. When Henry I died having lost his only legitimate son in a shipwreck, he required all of his barons to swear to recognize his daughter Matilda, widow of the Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir and remarried her to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou. When she was slow to move to England on her father's death, Henry's favorite nephew, Stephen of Blois, rushed to have himself crowned, much as Henry himself had done on the death of his brother William Rufus.
Supported by his brother Henry, Bishop of Winchester, Stephen made a promising start, but Matilda would not give up her birthright and tried to hold the English barons to their oaths. The result was more than a decade of civil war that saw England split apart. Empress Matilda is often remembered as aloof and high-handed, Stephen as ineffective and indecisive. By following both sides of the dispute and seeking to understand their actions and motivations, Matthew Lewis aims to reach a more rounded understanding of this crucial period of English history and asks to what extent there really was anarchy.
My Thoughts
Matthew Lewis is a great historian and podcaster who makes history accessible to people who know little about a subject. He also is a great researcher who adds things into his books and shows that those who already know a lot about the subject will still be entertained and informed. This is the best kind of history writing. This book did not disappoint. I love his podcast, Gone Medieval and his books are great to read further about topics he features on the show. In this book, Lewis explains the origins and progress of the Anarchy period and switches back and forth between the two points of view of each of the leaders involved, King Stephen and Empress Matilda.
Drawing from original sources and adding his own thoughts to the narrative, the author tries to explain, from the beginning, the motivations and players behind the struggle of who would rule England in the mid 1100's. Specifically, after the death of Henry I in 1135. Each chapter focuses on the political power plays, battles, and personal relationships that shaped Stephen and Matilda's reasons for believing they were the rightful owner of the crown. It reads more straight history than historical fiction so if you are looking for entertainment or a lot of personal touches this might not be what you are used to. But for anyone who likes this subject, it is a great read because it makes you consider who you'd support and then question that choice again and again, depending on whose ideas are being presented.
It sticks to the basics, the men who pledged their loyalty to Matilda only to reverse course. Matilda's loyal brother Robert of Gloucester, who started off as Stephen's man but ended up fiercely loyal to his sister's cause. Lewis seems to play a bit more to the Stephen side but I think he is fair in presenting the strengths and weaknesses in both.
While I didn't learn a lot of new things, mostly because I've read so much on this subject the last few years, I really did enjoy the switching chapter viewpoints. I also liked that the book isn't super long, the chapters aren't either, so someone who wants to get the basic facts down can do so while also getting a good picture of how "right" each one thought they were. It is a good starting place and in depth enough for history buffs too.
